Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

Climate
Tropical Cyclones
Published

November 12, 2025

Key Insight:
A hot, dry, dust-laden air mass moving off North Africa that can suppress Atlantic hurricane formation by increasing vertical wind shear and stabilizing the atmosphere.

Core Effects

  • Dry air entrainment → disrupts convection
  • Increased shear → weakens cyclone organization
  • Dust aerosols → affect radiation balance & SST

Visual Mental Model

SAL = “giant desiccating lid” over the Atlantic basin